KERJA SAMA INTERNASIONAL DALAM PENANGGULANGAN PERMASALAHAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI KAWASAN ASIA: ANALISIS DIPLOMASI LINGKUNGAN, TATA KELOLA REGIONAL, DAN TANTANGAN IMPLEMENTASI PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN

Abstract

International environmental cooperation has become a strategic instrument for addressing transboundary ecological challenges in Asia. Increasing industrialization, natural resource exploitation, environmental pollution, and climate change have created complex problems that cannot be effectively resolved through unilateral national policies. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of international environmental cooperation in Asia, identify the influence of national political and economic interests, and evaluate the effectiveness of regional institutions in promoting sustainable development. Employing a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods, the research utilizes a literature review and comparative analysis of ASEAN environmental cooperation and the Tripartite Environment Ministers Meeting (TEMM) involving China, Japan, and South Korea. The analytical framework incorporates institutional liberalism, international regime theory, and global environmental governance. The findings indicate that regional institutionalization has strengthened policy coordination and environmental diplomacy. However, implementation remains constrained by divergent national interests, unequal institutional capacities, limited financial resources, and weak compliance mechanisms. The study concludes that effective environmental cooperation requires stronger accountability, policy harmonization, technology transfer, and greater integration of economic interests with regional ecological responsibilities to ensure sustainable and equitable environmental governance.